Business Podcasting Blog

Event Tents, such as wedding tents are for when you want to make a fabulous outdoor scene. They are generally structures installed at a location for a period of time.

Why A Tent?
Commercial Tents are used as protection from the sun, rain or a gathering place. They can make a stunning and creative atmosphere for any event.

Tent Rentals
Tents can be rented or leased for a day, a weekend, weeks, months, etc. For one or two day events, the Tents are usually installed a few days before the event, depending on scheduling and weather, and remain until a few days after the event. Many rentals are quoted for the entire week, allowing for time to set up and design the interior and exterior. Some Tents are built for exceedingly long-term events and have been installed and remain installed for years.

What Kind of Tent Should I Rent?
Tent rental companies come in all sizes - from small-sized companies with just a few Tents to exceedingly large-sized companies - carrying dozens of several sizes and styles of Tents. Some general rental companies rent from tent rental companies to accommodate their client’s needs.

You may know you want to use a standard Tent for your event, or your event planner may already have in mind to use a Tent. You have options! There are lots of other splendid
structures and Tent styles out there. Some are unique and make a statement of their own. Ask the rental company you’re working with for a list of the type styles they have on hand.

Usually, the varying types of Tents available in most companies are (the names vary depending of the company):

Folding Tents Easy and fast to use and always in demand. Very popular, because usually is the less expensive tent. Fast, flexible, cost effective and long lasting.

They are used by:

• Corporate brands across most industries
• Government & Council buyers
• SME business marketers
• Franchisees
• Agricultural exhibitors
• Emergency services & community groups
• Folding Tents create brand exposure opportunities.
• You can reach your audience at the right time, in the right place with the right message.

Inflatable Tents An exciting and fun alternative Tent. Easy & fast to set up. Be sure they have removable printed roof because in that way you can share the investment with other licences.

What Size Tent Will I Need?

The size of Tent depends on a few factors:

1. The number of guests you expect
2. Layout or seating arrangements or the style of event:

* Reception with what type of tables?
* Speaker engagement with what type of seating?
* Will you need a dance floor?
* Will you need display areas for your products?

If you are interested in a Tent, you can expect to need about 2,000 - 2,500 square feet for 200-seated guests. That could mean a 40 x 60 size Tent (Always ask the Tent rental vendor directly and they’ll give you the best dataabout the size of Tent you’ll need).

Therefore, the key rule is; know what you are going to use your tent for. The choice of tents is amazing, almost on par with the choice of cars that you can buy.

So if you need a tent for the family BBQ, for example, your needs are fairly fundamental
and your budget may be tight. Look for cheap tents that offers a waterproof Polyester roof and a solid warranty for under $600.

If you need a tent for a school or sports club you will need a diverse range of sizes, and colours. Most plain colour Tents s range between $995- $2900. If you are keen to advertise yourself, you can have your names printed for around $150-$300. Printing logos usually cost a little more.

In the last 5 years, portable Tents have become important to businesses for their marketing. The essential need for these buyers is a prominent and premium reproduction of their logo. Sign written or printed Tents can be as dull as a website address or they can be a design masterpiece.

Remember, if it is for commercial purposes, the aim is to build recognition of your company with your printed Tent. Printed corporate Tents range in price from $1500- $4000. Good ones will really catch your eye.

Once you have decided on what sort of buyer you are and how you are going to use your Tents, a good Tents company will offer you a choice of frames, a warranty of between 3-5 years and help with designing the printing-if you need it.

For more information about tents, contact Extreme Marquees. We have a range of cheap tents, for all sorts of home and business applications.

New Zealand has a splendid array of amazing landscapes. Like huge mountain ranges, sweeping coastlines, bountiful rainforests, deep fiords, snow capped mountains and steaming volcanoes. These panoramic wonders have all made New Zealand an appealing destination for all kinds of holidays.

Amazing travel packages and holiday specials are available on quality accommodation in modern city hotels and luxurious wilderness lodges at slashed prices. Among the top holiday cities in New Zealand, Queenstown, Christchurch and Auckland would definitely be there. Travel Online is a celebrated online specialist travel operator and provides astounding tourist services for New Zealand. Travel Online provides an instant quote and booking service for accommodation in cities right across the country.

Queenstown
The international resort town of Queenstown is situated on the shoreline of Wakatipu Lake. This beautiful region is among the most scenic locations on the globe. Throughout the year adventurous and stimulating sports like jet boating, bungy jumping, and white water rafting take place. This town is the epicentre of the entire world’s bungy jumping activities too. With the advent of winter, the town gets transformed to an alpine wonderland with snowboarders and skiers from all corners of the world assembling at the annual Winter Festival.

There is constant request for Queenstown Accommodation all round the year and Travel Online offers a select group of hotels best suited for New Zealand holidays. 1, 2, 3 or 4 bedroom apartments, with cutting-edge facilities, gyms, spas and fantastic views are available at various holiday retreats across the city. Larger apartments with more bedrooms, tennis courts, private jetties and fitness centres are also available at a higher price. Luxury complexes with studio rooms in the vicinity of cafes, bars, and restaurants are also found in Travel Online’ Queenstown Accommodation selection.

Christchurch
When choosing a place to stay in Christchurch look for hotels that give views over the attractive Victoria Square, across the mesmerizing Avon River or towards the epochal Anglican Cathedral. Situated on New Zealand’s South Island, this cosmopolitan city is always abuzz with great festivals, shopping spots, theaters and art galleries. Hotels overlooking Victoria Square provide visitors with an insight in to the city’s English history.

Individuals accommodated in the vicinity of the Christchurch Cathedral will find hotel rooms with a Manhattan-style feel. Tradition and elegance are everywhere in these hotels along with a keen eye on service excellence. Luxurious bedrooms with full-fledged kitchen facilities are common, along with hi-tech conference facilities, resort-like leisure features like spas, saunas, gyms, and swimming pools. Many of these hotels provided by Travel Online are located in the vicinity of the Technology Park, the International Antarctic Centre, and the airport. Travelers who want to stay away from the hustle and bustle of the cosmopolitan life will find suitable accommodation in the stunningcountryside surrounding the city.

Auckland
Auckland, also known as the City of Sails, is located in between 2 harbors and has more boats per person than anywhere on the planet. Within minutes a person has the flexibility of sailing away on yachts to isolated nearby islands, living the sweet life in the casino, surfing at winding beaches or tasting the exotic wines at local vineyards. Hotels come in stylish and comfortable studios, and luxurious executive / marina suites. Travel Online caters to the tastes of corporate and business tourists and can beat any price seen on Auckland accommodation advertised. Auckland harbor is splendid, and is seen perfectly from atop Sky City and the surrounding accommodation.

Affordable and comfortable apartments are available for casual tourists, equipped with kitchens, laundries, and balconies to provide a wonderful holidaying experience. Visitors to Auckland love visiting the Antarctic Encounter, which showcases the only penguins present in the sub-Antarctic region. More adventures include cage-bereft shark dives, scuba expeditions and snorkel safaris. New Zealand is waiting.

Travel Online has a wide range of Queenstown accommodation close to all the snow action and cosmopolitan Christchurch accommodation surrounded by all that theatre and art. For holidays in and around the water, Auckland accommodation is as good as anywhere in the world.

Don’t let an inexperienced 24 hour carpet cleaner come to repair your water damaged carpets. These are the worries you should be aware of:

Overcharging. An amateur water restoration technician may load the job up with superfluous extras. E.g. using dehumidification for drying the water damaged carpets unnecessarily.

Not having the correct equipment. They may borrow equipment from hire places to dry the carpet. This is ok to do, but an established water damage technician will have all their equipment enabling a faster response and hopefully a better value job.

Moisture metre. If they don’t have the correct moisture meter, they cannot know whether the carpet is dry. This increases the potential of future mould. Removal of the mould in future may be required.

Specialisation. There are a whole lot of “Carpet Cleaners” in this industry who do water damage repair repairs on the “side.” i.e. they aren’t the ones who complete this sort of job each day. Be wary of it. Drying water damage to carpets is an art. Reinstalling carpets on the gripper strips needs to be taken on by a professional, otherwise the carpet can be damaged irrepairably.

You may be asking, how do I pick a professional Flood Restoration professional? Below I have listed some signifiers to look out for when hunting around for a carpet flood damage business:

The size of their Yellow Pages advertisement: This can be a sign of how much repair work they have already. A full-size Yellow Pages advertisement can cost more than $50 000. So if they have got a larger ad, you have some indication that they are established.

Where do they show up in Google? The higher they are in Google, the more click-ins there has been for the business.

What Qualifications do they have? The base qualification they require is a IICRC qualification about Applied Structural Drying and Water Damage Restoration.

Do Insurance companies use them for their carpet water damage jobs? This is a great indicator. If insurance companies use them, the business is probably going to be excellent at their work. Insurance companies will tend to use the businesses that grant them the top value for money.

What kind of Equipment do they have? They should own at least 100 Air movers. If they own this many, this is a good indicator that they have been established for some time. We took 8 years to acquire that many wet carpet drying air movers.

What type of commitment can you get out of them through a phone call? See if you can pin them down to a price for water extraction, water removal and initial inspection. If they don’t give you a rate for this at the least, you know they are not interested in serving you, so go with someone else.

Response Time – Our Water Damage business in Brisbane is committed to a 59 minute response time to a water damage emergency. The repair needs to be completed ASAP. Mould can come within a 24 hour period.

If you stick to these tips you are sure to locate a Flood Damage Restoration professional who knows how to do the job.

If you have carpet water damage Brisbane, call us for flooded wet carpet drying. Brisbane storm season is approaching and you may need storm damage carpet cleaning. Brisbane and surrounding areas serviced.

As a practicing podiatrist in Brisbane, Australia, I am often asked by patients if podiatry would be a good career for a school leaver to enter. There are many things to recommend a career in podiatry including:

• You can be self employed: This is a option that is increasingly being denied to other health care providers such as optometrists and even Family Doctors. Big Business controls a lot of health practices. Consider how often you see an independent optometrist these days – can they compete on price with the multinational chains?
• Legal Issues: In Australia (unlike the USA where things are very different), podiatrists very, very rarely get sued . The nature of podiatry practice does not lend itself to accidentally harming one’s patients. Also, you never have to give your customers the bad news that their condition will be terminal.
• Working Hours: Emergency call outs are very unlikely. This is good news for those among us who like their sleep uninterrupted.
• Financial Reward: Whilst it is true that podiatry doesn’t pay as well as being a dentist or doctor , the pay is generally commensurate with other allied health providers.
• Instant Gratification: One of the most fulfilling facets of being a podiatrist is the instant gratification! People come in with pain and leave happy. You will consult on a plethora of bite-sized jobs each day, many with a cure you can provide immediately. From someone that has worked with unanimously grumpy customers in a past career, believe me when I tell you, it makes the day much less stressful when people leave you smiling.
• Philanthropy: Podiatry will provide you plenty of opportunity to help relieve the suffering of your fellow human beings.
• Self – Determination: Podiatry provides a professional the power to determine their own course of action for the benefit of their patients. This is unlike a career in nursing for instance where one acts under the instruction of a doctor.
• Clear Job roles: The only people who can claim to be a podiatrist are those with a podiatry degree . The clear roles that this delineates relieves the need to find your ‘niche’ after university - as someone with a more generic Bachelor of Science degree might need to do.
• Like to travel? There are many places around the world that do not qualify their own podiatrists including Tasmania, the Northern Territory, all of Asia and all of the Middle East. If you want to work your way around the world, Australian podiatrists can be registered in any Commonwealth country and are especially in demand in Singapore, Egypt, United Arab Emirates and other far flung fields.
• Variety: In any given day, a podiatrist will see a huge range of complaints. There may be an ingrown toenail or two, a debilitating corn, a sporting injury, some back pain and at least a couple of painful plantar fascias. The essence of being a good podiatrist is to be a great problem solver. Every patient is an individual with a unique condition requiring a well considered solution.

How do you train as a podiatrist ?

To qualify as a podiatrist necessitates) a four year Bachelor of Health Science degree course {available at six Australian Universities:

• Curtin University
• La Trobe University
• Charles Sturt University
• Queensland University of Technology
• University of South Australia
• University of Western Sydney.

Last year, the entry score for the QUT was OP 8.

Stephanie Cosgrove graduated as a podiatrist from QUT in 1990 and with a Master’s degree in Applied Science (Podiatry) in 1996. Since 1991, she has worked in private practice as a Podiatrist Brisbane. She received three university prizes during her studies, including the award for excellence in design and manufacture of orthotics. Brisbane has been the site of her private practice since 1991 which has grown to four locations and eleven staff. If you want to Walk Without Pain consider a visit to Brisbane’s most innovative podiatry practice today. Call for an appointment now on 1300 A1 Feet.

Take control of getting your site actualized by a developer and understand the process it will save you money and gain you a site that actually works the intended purpose!

1. Comprehending your business and how you are currently established in your market.
In order to create a site that truly meets your requirements; you first need to have a full knowledge of your business including your products, and/or services and more importantly their market position. You then have to examine how you want to explain your business and what it offers in 7 seconds or less. Sounds impossible? Well that is the average time that a user will consider the point “is this site I searched for?”.

2. Budget and estimation
Have a budget in mind and don’t be afraid to let the developers know what it is. In saying this: BE REALISTIC, $500 will never see a great web site created, nor will they be anything left in the bank to market it.

3. The creative process
Be furnished with example sites and more importantly the elements of the site you like so they can get an understanding of what you would like to see on your site and also what you find frustrating about other sites. This will construct a good profile and realise not only what type of site to actualize for you but your tolerance to colours, animations, layouts etc. for your requirements which will allow for effective development. The more interaction and information you give them in the beginning the more time you will save everybody in the long run by becoming what you want 1st time round. Check with the designers on how many rounds of changes come with the contract, most will allow for a total conceptual redesign only once and 2 rounds of changes after that.

4. Production and Content
After the home page design is made, the developers will more than likely take the general layout of this concept and then create the inner page template. It is this template that will be duplicated for most of your pages for your site.
Provide your content in a pre-proofed word processed document; don’t become too creative with the document fonts etc. as these will not be preserved when the content is copied into the code of the site. It is inferred that you do use bolding, underlining, headings and sub heading though ,as these highlights are transferred into the site and are very important later on in not only interacting with the reader but for Search Engine Optimisation.
One last tip for content; provide a decent amount of content but formulate it in a way that a reader may attain a summary of what you are trying to infer across in the 1st couple of paragraphs and an image or to. The rest of the paragraphs that get into finer details ARE FOR GOOGLE !

5. Development Programming and CMS
If your website contains Content Managed Areas (CMS) or has any other dynamic sections the developers will wrap your design around a content management program such as Joomla or Drupal or they may have a custom built system. Make sure that you get to see how the CMS system operate on another site they have developed or an example site they may have. You need to know that you can use and comprehend the system when your site is complete.

6. Testing and training
We work closely with the developers to test your site especially if there are any CMS or special programs that have been created for you. You can guarantee if it is has just been written for you then it will not work 100% first time round. This is a where things can get ugly in the process you must understand the way the program operates and test it as if you were normal website user. If it doesn’t make sense to you, odds are it won’t make sense to your audience. Make sure you test your website on more than just your browser, try to test it on Internet Explorer, Firefox and Safari. All of these browsers are on the internet for free!

7. Launch – going live
When the developers are ready to bring your site live make sure you have finished the above testing step until you are pleased that this website is the best representation of your business / product it can be. Remember even though you can change things after going live it is still a poor reflection on your business if there are spelling mistakes or broken images when you launch.

8. Marketing
There is little point in having a website if nobody visits it, make sure as part of you contract you have discussed search engine optimisation and or search engine marketing as part of your website build. This is the absolute most important factor of the whole process. If you are the only one looking at your site then you are in trouble.

Remember Search Engine Optimisation is about 30% Onsite (getting your site correct for Search Engine to index correctly) and 70% Promotion. Any developer who tells you otherwise hasn’t been in the industry too long.

For more information about web design Brisbane, contact Web Site Blue. Our web designers understand marketing as well as design.

A logo is a decisive step to forming a business. It is the face of your business. And like your face conveys the tone of your business, indicates the service and displays the professionalism or lack there of.

People spend a lot of money on the formation of their logo and walk away with no artwork files. Then a couple months down the track when they require to put signage on their new building they cannot track the design studio down that formulated the original logo for them and so incur costs to have it recreated. This is unnecessary and may cause obstacles when trying to replecate the logo exactly as completed originally.

We have created some basic tips you for to think about when creating a logo. Hopefully these will help you from experiencing any future difficulties.

Tip 1
First things first - you need to decide if you would like your logo to have an accompanying icon. It is desired that if your service or product name is not in your business name then perhaps an icon will help in portraying a clear message across to your target audience.

An icon can add an extra element to your branding in that you could use the icon on its own on collateral where perhaps you are looking for a more illustrative finish without losing recognition.

A perfect example of this is the well-known and executed Fedex logo.

Tip 2
Colour can be an extremely important decision as it not only could change the output costs but can also hinder your output use. Think about the end result and what you will be commiting your branding onto in the future. Make sure your designer is aware of this as they should design accordingly.

Tip 3
Assure you get a back up disk of your logo as a master file and make certain that it includes all the files needed for the different printing formats.

Creative software updates frequently and some programmes become obsolete. Make sure you have a copy of your logo as a PDF - with the text converted to curves.

Tip 4
Using images in your logo is not very easy to regulate. For example it is hard to to reverse into black and white. Images also have limitations when it comes to size - they can only be reproduced to a certain size before they start pixilation.

Tip 5
Using gradients in your logo is not recommended. This too can have limitations when it comes to output for ie: gradients are hard to reproduce when embroidering fabrics.

Tip 6
Confirm sure the font is legible. Some logos need to be reproduced on small pieces of collateral ie: post stamps. It is important that in this case the text is
legible.

Tip 7
Insure that you collect a copy of your logo in CMYK high resolution 300 dpi (for printing use) and RGB 72 dpi(for web use).

Tip 8
It is important to have a style guide of your logo. It will clearly show you how to use your logo so it looks exactly the same every time it is reproduced. This allows you to keep your corporate image consistent.

Tip 9
Make sure that you get a letter from the design studio declaring that you own the copyright to your logo.

If you follow these tips then not only will you get a well-designed logo but you will also own the artwork. And when it comes to reproducing your collateral you will be doing it the most cost effective way.

For logo design Brisbane and web design Brisbane, contact graphic design Brisbane today for a free two hour consultation.

How many times have you commissioned business cards to print and picked up yet another version of your corporate colour? Ever been enthusiastic to see your advert in the latest newspaper and then spotted that the crucial tag line is gone or your logo has been ruined.

There is only one way to avoid this from happening and that is to set up a style guide. Not only will a style guide aid you control the reproduction of your logo - it will also help you sustain your brand recognition – which many argue is one of the strongest selling tools.

We have placed the below steps together for you as a starting point.

Step 1 : Mark the audience for your Style Guide. Is this for staff to utilize in-house or is this for suppliers and contractors to refer to?

Step 2 : Mark what your output uses are. This is important because you will require different logos and file formats for example, black and white publication adverts in comparison to vehicle graphics.

Step 3 : Define the tone for the copy and content required. For example you may requirecopy rules for printed content and then copy rules for website content.

Content rules cover all punctuation rules and how to refer to the business and team.

Step 4 : Insure you layout all the design templates so it is clear how and where the logo and branding sits on all the different pieces of collateral that may be reprinted.

Step 5 : Make certain to insert any contributing logos or logos of business that are affiliated with you. It’s also important that you mail a copy of the layout to these companies to guarantee they agree with the layout of their logo as they too may have their own Style Guide and hierarchy layout rules.

Step 6 : Confirm that grammar, spelling and contact details are correct.

Step 7 : Ensure that when suppliers are using the Style Guide they understand~know~discern~apprehend} that a proof needs to be dispatched~sent~mailed~commissioned}to you to be approved as correct.

Make your Style Guide finished and as secure as possible. Then have it saved in an email friendly file format and have a couple printed. Once this is done we strongly advise a training session – whereby your design studio arrives and trains your staff on how to work the Style Guide and most importantly your brand.

For graphic design Brisbane, logo design Brisbane and web design Brisbane, contact Bydaughters today. We help your brand build business.

The common question heard when buying a new projector for the home, office, or classroom is: will I get an LCD projector or a DLP projector? LCD, which stands for ‘liquid crystal device’ and DLP, short for ‘digital light processing’ are the two commonplace projector imaging technologies. With so many company brands and different types available, it can be challenging for the buyer to make a choice between those technologies. The simple fact of the matter is that LCD projectors offer far better image quality and colour accuracy. The next paragraph explains why DLP projectors struggle with reproducing a similar level of image quality.

Imagine a set of blinds in your house for your bedroom window. By pulling on a rod you can make the shutters open or closed, depending on whether you want to let light in or not. And that is exactly how an LCD projector works. Each pixel functions like a single shutter on a set of blinds to either pass light through or to block it. DLP on the other hand is formed of millions of microscopic mirrors or ‘pixel elements’ as pros like to call them. Each pixel element works to either reflect light or block it.

How the light source is processed from the time the projector switches on to when the image reaches your screen is extremely important with regard to image quality, brightness and colour accuracy. LCD projectors shine white light from the lamp by dividing it into red, blue and green components, by three mirrors which transfer the coloured light to 3 individual LCD panels. The 3 LCD panels make the elements of the image by turning each pixel on and off. The pixels are then projected in a glass prism to send the projector image. A point to realise about LCD projectors is that all three colours are projected onto your projected surface at once. The way a DLP projector functions is very different and even how an image looks is not the same. With DLP, white light from the lamp is projected through a spinning colour wheel with transparent red, blue and green segments, at speeds up to 11,000 rpm/s. This way of making an image creates a sequence of red, blue and green light. The millions of micro mirrors mentioned above reflect the coloured light on the pixels to construct the image elements. The elements of the image are sent in sequence on the screen, one colour at a time. The viewer’s eyes will then draw each coloured element of the image into the whole image. In LCD projectors, all colours are available all the time to deliver the highest brightness and great colour accuracy. In DLP, just one colour is available at any given time, resulting in lower colour brightness and accuracy. Some DLP manufacturers have placed a white segment in the colour wheel to improve brightness generally, but this goes and lessens colour accuracy.

I see in forums all the time that DLP gives a higher contrast ratio and ergo must be superior. For those who are unsure, the contrast ratio is a measure of a display system defined as the ratio of the luminance of the brightest white to that of the darkest black that the system is able to produce. DLP projectors do have high contrast specifications compared to most LCD projectors. At one glance, this must be a plus, however, in reality, the true black level is determined by the ambient light in the room when the projector is being used. Do not be fooled by contrast specifications on websites and in brochures.

When the content you plan to view requires moving images, DLP projection technology can also have image imperfections, or ‘artifacts’. The most common artifact that a DLP projector displays with moving images is colour break up. Colour break up is incontrovertible in DLP systems because moving images keep changing between the time red, blue and green colours are projected. LCD projectors do not have this downside because the colours are delivered at once. DLP manufacturers have formed 3DLP solutions using 3 chips to resolve the colour break up error, but the price tag of these projectors make them hardly practical for the large part of businesses and consumers.

Another difference between LCD and DLP is how they balance for the refractive qualities of light. Think back to high school science, and recall how various colours of light refract different amounts when projected through the same lens. The downfall with DLP projectors is that they have the one same panel for the same lens to project Red, Blue and Green. All 3 colours are obviously not the same and refract light at different levels. Generally with a DLP projector, some yellow colour will appear above and some extra blue will be projected below an image of something as simple as a single black line. In building LCD projectors can be fixed to take away these effects on the projected image, as each colour is directed on a separate LCD panels.

The sole veritable advantage (excluding price) with going with a DLP projector is its smaller total size and weight. However, this is only relevant in regard to transporting the device and has to be traded off against the image advantages of LCD projectors. If the result of the picture quality is important to you, then the solution is a no-brainer. Go with an LCD projector! LCD projectors will consistently create bright, colourful images with fewer image mistakes. If you want to find out more about LCD technology in more detail, see this spectacular resource website: Explore 3LCD. If you have any additional questions, get onto Projector Central and send me an email.

Jonathan King is the sales and marketing manager with Projector Central, Australia’s top online store for projectors. Brisbane-based, Projector Central has serviced Australia for 15 years. For data projectors in the Gold Coast and Interactive Whiteboards, contact Projector Central today.

As the Dutch came to dominance in sea power during the 17th century, the initial yacht became a pleasure craft used first by royalty and then by the burghers on the canals and then in the protected and unprotected waters of the Low Countries. Yacht racing was incidental, coming out of private challenges. English yachting began with King Charles II of England during his exile in the Low Countries. On his reaffirmation to the English throne in 1660, the city of Amsterdam gave him a 20-metre (66-foot) leisure boat with a beam (maximum width) of 5.6 m (18 feet), which he called Mary. Charles and his brother James, the duke of York (James II, reigned 1685–88), ordered for more yachts and in 1662 raced two of them from the Thames, from Greenwich, to Gravesend, and the same way back, on a £100 wager. Yachting was found to be fashionable among the wealthy and royalty, but after that point the fashion did not last.

The first yacht association in the British Isles, the Water Club, was instigated in about 1720 at Cork, Ire., as a cruising and unofficial coast guard organization, with large naval panoply and rigour. The closest thing to racing boats was the “chase,” when the “fleet” pursued a fictional enemy. The club endured, for the large part as a social club, until 1765, and in 1828, when conglomerating with other organisations, it was known as the Cork Yacht Club (later the Royal Cork Yacht Club).

Yacht racing began in some stipulated method on the Thames around the mid-18th century. The duke of Cumberland instigated the Cumberland Fleet for Thames racing in 1775. When George IV ascended to sovereignty in 1820, it was then named the Fleet to His Majesty’s Coronation Sailing Society. The Thames Yacht Club seceded following a racing argument, to become the Royal Thames Yacht Club in 1830. The first English yacht club had been formed at Cowes on the Isle of Wight in 1815, and royal funding made the Solent - the strait between the mainland and the Isle of Wight - the continued location of British yachting. The club at Cowes became the Royal Yachting Club, again at the ascension of George IV. Each member was required to possess boats of at least 20 tons (20,321 kg). Sailing matches for large bets were held, and the club life was splendid. Ultimately Royal Yachting Club boats were raised in size to over 350 tons.

In North America, yachting began with the Dutch in New York in the 17th century and persisted when the English held dominance. Sailing was largely for fun and found its high point in George Crowinshield’s Cleopatra’s Barge (1815), which cruised on the Mediterranean Sea and set a minimum of luxury and elegance for the later yachts in that area from the late 19th century. The first enduring American yacht association, the Detroit Boat Club, was formed in 1839. In 1844, John C. Stevens began the New York Yacht Club while on board his schooner Gimcrack.

Kinds of sailboats
The Early sailing yachts followed the design of such naval craft as brigantines, schooners, and cutters from the 17th century through the second half of the 19th century. The craft of large yachts was first heavily affected by the success of America, which was drawn by George Steers for a group headed by John C. Stevens, and it was the boat for which the America’s Cup (q.v.) was named after its success at Cowes in 1851. The first yachts were not designed and built in the modern sense, with just a model used. Not until the latter half of the 19th century did what was called naval architecture come into being. Not until the 1920s did the use of the study of aerodynamics do for the design of sails and rigging what such science had already done for hulls.

Because most of all sailboats had to be individually manufactured, there was a requirement for handicapping boats as this was previous to the one-design class boats were built. Hence, a rating rule was created, which is found in the International Rule, taken on in 1906 and edited in 1919. Today, one of the most rapidly growing areas in the sailing industry is that of one-design class boats. All boats in a one-design class are manufactured to the same dimensions in length, beam, sail area, and other aspects (for an example of a two-person sailboat, see illustration). Racing such boats can be held on an even keel with no handicapping at all. A great example is the uniform International America’s Cup Class taken on for participants in the 1992 America’s Cup race.

For the time that yachting was done largely for the aristocracy and the rich, cost was no object, and the size of boats developed, in both length and weight. The promotion and desire of smaller craft happened in the second half of the 19th century from the sailing of the Englishmen R.T. McMullen, a stockbroker, and E.F. Knight, a barrister and journalist. A trip around the world (1895–98) sailed single-handedly by the naturalized American captain Joshua Slocum in the 11.3-metre Spray proved the seaworthiness of smaller yachts. Following this in the 20th century, particularly after World War II, smaller racing and recreational craft became more popular, down to the dinghy, a preferred training boat, of 3.7 m. In the late 20th century, boats of less than 3 m were sailed single-handedly across the Atlantic Ocean.

Kinds of power yachts
Post the decade 1840–50, when steam started to take the place of sail power in public boats, the steam engine, and later the internal-combustion engine, were increasingly used in pleasure yachts. Bigger power yachts were developed to a high element, and long-distance sailing was a favourite occupation of the wealthy. The earliest power yachts were paddle-wheel boats; these then gave way to boats powered by the completely submerged screw or propeller type of propulsion. Like naval and merchant vessels, auxiliaries possessing both sail and power were the yacht archetype for many years. By the latter half of the 20th century, a lot of yachts were still auxiliaries, but the majority were only power yachts with gasoline or diesel engines.

During the last decade of the 19th century there was a boom in the design of large steam yachts. In particular within these was the Mayflower (1897) of 2,690 tons, containing triple-expansion engines, twin screws, and a compartmented iron hull, and was manned by a crew of at least 150. The Mayflower, purchased by the United States Navy in 1898, was the official yacht of the president of the United States until 1929 and gave active service for World War II.

As bigger and better quality internal-combustion engines were produced, many large yachts started using them for power. The establishment of the diesel engine, employing heavy oil for fuel, advanced for World War I. In the decade after that, big power-yacht building grew, hitting a climax in the Orion (1930) at 3,097 tons. During that period the biggest auxiliary yacht manufactured was the four-masted, steel, barque-rigged Sea Cloud (1931) of 2,323 tons.

The building of large power craft fell away in 1932, and the fashion after that was toward smaller, less expensive boats. After World War II, many small naval boats were bought by private owners for conversion to yachts. At the late 20th century, yachting has become a globally beloved activity enjoyed by thousands of yachtsmen who are actually sailing and maintaining their own small pleasure yachts. The popularity of boats and owners is increasing steadily, not only in the traditional areas along the beach but also on inland waterways and lakes.

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Taxes can be distinguished by the effect they have on the allocation of income and wealth. A proportional tax is the kind of tax that puts the same relative burden on every taxpayer—i.e., where tax liability and income grow in equal proportion. A progressive tax is recognisable by a more than proportional rise in the tax onus in regard to the rise in income, and a regressive tax is recognisable by a less than proportional growth in the comparative onus. So, progressive taxes are thought of as removing inequalities in income distribution, whereas regressive taxes may cause an increase in these inequalities.

The taxes that are usually thought to be progressive include individual income taxes and estate taxes. Income taxes that are initially progressive, however, may become less so for the upper-income categories—particularly if a taxpayer is permitted to reduce his tax base by claiming deductions or by excluding some income parts from his taxable income. Proportional tax rates that are applied to lower-income categories would also be more progressive if such exemptions of a personal nature are claimed.

Income measured over a given year does not necessarily give the most appropriate measure of taxpaying status. For example, transitory rises in income can be saved, and in temporary declines in income a taxpayer may opt to provide for consumption by decreasing savings. Thus, if taxation is held in comparison with “permanent income,” it should be less regressive (or more progressive) than when held in comparison with annual income.

Sales taxes and excises (excepting luxuries) are mostly regressive, because the share of individual income consumed or spent on a specific good lowers as the level of personal income grows. Poll taxes (aka head taxes), levied as a flat amount per capita, patently are regressive.

It is hard to classify corporate income taxes and taxes on business as progressive, regressive, or proportionate, due to a lack of certainty regarding the ability of businesses to shift their tax expenses (see below Shifting and incidence). This difficulty of deciding who bears the tax burden depends essentially on whether a national or a subnational (that is, provincial or state) tax is being debated.

In assessing the economic purposes of taxation, it is important to distinguish between varied concepts of tax rates. The statutory rates include those nominated in legislature; generally speaking these are marginal rates, but sometimes they are average rates. Marginal income tax rates note the fraction of incremental income that is demanded by taxation when income increases by one dollar. So, if tax burden grows by 45 cents when income grows by one dollar, the marginal tax rate is 45 percent. Income tax legislature commonly contain graduated marginal rates—i.e., rates that rise as income rises. Careful analysis of marginal tax rates should take into account provisions as well as the formal statutory rate structure. If, for example, a particular tax credit (reduction in tax) reduces by 20 cents for each one-dollar increase in income, the marginal rate is 20 percentage points higher than indicated in the statutory rates. Since marginal rates indicate how after-tax income changes in response to changes in before-tax income, they are the important ones for appraising incentive effects of taxation. It is even more complicated to nominate the marginal effective tax rate applicable to income from business and capital, as it may be reliant on factors including the structure of depreciation allowances, the deductibility of interest, and the provisions for inflation adjustment. A basic economic theorem holds that the marginal effective tax rate in income from capital is nothing under a consumption-based tax.

Average income tax rates display the portion of total income that is required in taxation. The pattern of average rates is the one that is relevant for appraising the distributional equity of taxation. Under a progressive income tax the average income tax rate grows with income. Average income tax rates usually grow with income, both because personal allowances are permitted for the taxpayer and dependents and also because marginal tax rates are graduated; conversely, preferential treatment of income received mostly by high-income households might dampen these effects, producing regressivity, as indicated by average tax rates that decrease as income rises.

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